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major pharmaceuticals - mirtazapine (unii: a051q2099q) (mirtazapine - unii:a051q2099q) - mirtazapine 15 mg - mirtazapine tablets are indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder (mdd) in adults [see clinical studies (14)] . mirtazapine tablets are contraindicated in patients: pregnancy exposure registry there is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to antidepressants during pregnancy. healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by calling the national pregnancy registry for antidepressants at 1-844-405-6185 or visiting online at https://womensmentalhealth.org/clinical-and-research-programs/pregnancyregistry/antidepressants/. risk summary prolonged experience with mirtazapine in pregnant women, based on published observational studies and postmarketing reports, has not reliably identified a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. there are risks associated with untreated depression in pregnancy (see clinical considerations). in animal reproduction studies, oral administration of mirtazapine to pregnant rats and rabbits during the period of organogenesis revealed no evidence of teratogenic effects up to 20 and 17 times the maximum recommended human dose (mrhd) of 45 mg, respectively, based on mg/m2 body surface area. however, in rats, there was an increase in post implantation loss at 20 times the mrhd based on mg/m2 body surface area. oral administration of mirtazapine to pregnant rats during pregnancy and lactation resulted in an increase in pup deaths and a decrease in pup birth weights at doses 20 times the mrhd based on mg/m2 body surface area (see data) . the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. all pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. in the u.s. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. clinical considerations disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk women who discontinue antidepressants during pregnancy are more likely to experience a relapse of major depression than women who continue antidepressants. this finding is from a prospective, longitudinal study that followed 201 pregnant women with a history of major depressive disorder who were euthymic and taking antidepressants at the beginning of pregnancy. consider the risk of untreated depression when discontinuing or changing treatment with antidepressant medication during pregnancy and postpartum. data animal data mirtazapine was administered orally to pregnant rats and rabbits during the period of organogenesis at doses of 2.5, 15, and 100 mg/kg/day and 2.5, 10, and 40 mg/kg/day, respectively, which are up to 20 and 17 times the maximum recommended human dose (mrhd) of 45 mg based on mg/m2 body surface area, respectively. no evidence of teratogenic effects was observed. however, in rats, there was an increase in post implantation loss in dams treated with mirtazapine at 100 mg/kg/day which is 20 times the mrhd based on mg/m2 body surface area. oral administration of mirtazapine at doses of 2.5, 15, and 100 mg/kg/day to pregnant rats during pregnancy and lactation resulted in an increase in pup deaths during the first 3 days of lactation and a decrease in pup birth weights at 20 times the mrhd based on mg/m2 body surface area. the cause of these deaths is not known. the no effect dose level is 3 times the mrhd based on mg/m2 body surface area. risk summary data from published literature report the presence of mirtazapine in human milk at low levels with relative infant doses for mirtazapine ranging between 0.6 and 2.8% of the maternal weight-adjusted dose (see data) . no adverse effects on the breastfed infant have been reported in most cases of maternal use of mirtazapine. there are no data on the effects of mirtazapine on milk production. the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for mirtazapine and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from mirtazapine or from the underlying maternal condition. data in a published pooled analysis of 8 breastfeeding mother-infant pairs, the mean (min, max) total relative infant doses for mirtazapine and its desmethyl metabolite were 1.5% (0.6%, 2.8%) and 0.4% (0.1%, 0.7%) of the maternal weight-adjusted dose (median (min, max) dose of 38 mg (30 mg, 120 mg), respectively). no adverse drug effects were reported for any of the infants. the safety and effectiveness of mirtazapine tablets have not been established in pediatric patients with mdd. two placebo-controlled trials in 258 pediatric patients with mdd have been conducted with mirtazapine tablets, and the data were insufficient to establish the safety and effectiveness of mirtazapine tablets in pediatric patients with mdd. antidepressants increased the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in pediatric patients [see boxed warning and warnings and precautions (5.1)] . in an 8-week-long clinical trial in pediatric patients receiving doses between 15 to 45 mg per day, 49% of mirtazapine tablets-treated patients had a weight gain of at least 7%, compared to 5.7% of placebo-treated patients. the mean increase in weight was 4 kg (2 kg sd) for mirtazapine tablets-treated patients versus 1 kg (2 kg sd) for placebo-treated patients [see warnings and precautions (5.7)] . approximately 190 patients ≥ 65 years of age participated in clinical studies with mirtazapine tablets. mirtazapine tablets are known to be substantially excreted by the kidney (75%), and the risk of decreased clearance of this drug is greater in patients with impaired renal function. pharmacokinetic studies revealed a decreased clearance of mirtazapine in the elderly [see clinical pharmacology (12.3)] . sedating drugs, including mirtazapine tablets, may cause confusion and over-sedation in the elderly. elderly patients may be at greater risk of developing hyponatremia. caution is indicated when administering mirtazapine tablets to elderly patients [see warnings and precautions (5.12), (5.15) and clinical pharmacology (12.3)] . in general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be conservative, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. the clearance of mirtazapine is reduced in patients with moderate to severe renal or hepatic impairment. consequently, plasma mirtazapine levels may be increased in these patient groups, compared to levels observed in patients without renal or hepatic impairment. dosage decrease may be necessary when administering mirtazapine tablets to patients with moderate to severe renal or hepatic impairment [see warnings and precautions (5.13),use in specific populations  (8.5), and clinical pharmacology (12.3)].

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major pharmaceuticals - bupropion hydrochloride (unii: zg7e5poy8o) (bupropion - unii:01zg3tpx31) - bupropion hydrochloride 150 mg - bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (sr) are indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder (mdd), as defined by the diagnostic and statistical manual (dsm) . the efficacy of bupropion in the treatment of a major depressive episode was established in two 4-week controlled inpatient trials and one 6-week controlled outpatient trial of adult subjects with mdd [see clinical studies (14)]. the efficacy of bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (sr) in maintaining an antidepressant response for up to 44 weeks following 8 weeks of acute treatment was demonstrated in a placebo-controlled trial [see clinical studies (14)] . pregnancy exposure registry there is an independent pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to any antidepressants during pregnancy. healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by calling the national pregnancy registry for antidepressants at 1-844-405-6185 or visiting online at https://womensmentalhealth.org/clini

United States - English - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

major pharmaceuticals - bupropion hydrochloride (unii: zg7e5poy8o) (bupropion - unii:01zg3tpx31) - bupropion hydrochloride tablets are indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder (mdd), as defined by the diagnostic and statistical manual (dsm). the efficacy of bupropion hydrochloride tablets in the treatment of a major depressive episode was established in two 4-week controlled inpatient trials and one 6-week controlled outpatient trial of adult subjects with mdd [see clinical studies (14)]. pregnancy exposure registry there is an independent pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to any antidepressants during pregnancy. healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by calling the national pregnancy registry for antidepressants at 1-844-405-6185 or visiting online at https://womensmentalhealth.org/clinical-and researchprograms/pregnancyregistry/antidepressants. risk summary data from epidemiological studies of pregnant women exposed to bupropion in the first trimester have not identified an increased risk of congenital malformations overall (se

United States - English - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

major pharmaceuticals - pioglitazone hydrochloride (unii: jqt35npk6c) (pioglitazone - unii:x4ov71u42s) - monotherapy and combination therapy pioglitazone tablets are indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in multiple clinical settings [see clinical studies (14)] . important limitations of use pioglitazone tablets exert its antihyperglycemic effect only in the presence of endogenous insulin. pioglitazone tablets should not be used to treat type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis, as it would not be effective in these settings. use caution in patients with liver disease [see warnings and precautions (5.3)] . risk summary limited data with pioglitazone in pregnant women are not sufficient to determine a drug-associated risk for major birth defects or miscarriage. there are risks to the mother and fetus associated with poorly controlled diabetes in pregnancy [see clinical considerations] . in animal reproduction studies, no adverse developmental effects were observed when pioglitazone was administered to pregnant rats a

United States - English - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

major pharmaceuticals - citalopram hydrobromide (unii: i1e9d14f36) (citalopram - unii:0dhu5b8d6v) - citalopram 10 mg - citalopram, is indicated for the treatment of depression. the efficacy of citalopram hydrobromide, in the treatment of depression was established in 4 to 6 week, controlled trials of outpatients whose diagnosis corresponded most closely to the dsm-iii and dsm-iii-r category of major depressive disorder (see clinical pharmacology ). a major depressive episode (dsm-iv) implies a prominent and relatively persistent (nearly every day for at least 2 weeks) depressed or dysphoric mood that usually interferes with daily functioning, and includes at least five of the following nine symptoms: depressed mood, loss of interest in usual activities, significant change in weight and/or appetite, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation or retardation, increased fatigue, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, slowed thinking or impaired concentration, a suicide attempt or suicidal ideation. the antidepressant action of citalopram in hospitalized depressed patients has not been adequately studied. the efficac

United States - English - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

major pharmaceuticals - bupropion hydrochloride (unii: zg7e5poy8o) (bupropion - unii:01zg3tpx31) - bupropion hydrochloride 300 mg - bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (xl) are indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder (mdd), as defined by the diagnostic and statistical manual (dsm). the efficacy of the immediate-release formulation of bupropion was established in two 4-week controlled inpatient trials and one 6-week controlled outpatient trial of adult patients with mdd. the efficacy of the sustained-release formulation of bupropion in the maintenance treatment of mdd was established in a long-term (up to 44 weeks), placebo-controlled trial in patients who had responded to bupropion in an 8-week study of acute treatment [see clinical studies (14.1)]. bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (xl) are indicated for the prevention of seasonal major depressive episodes in patients with a diagnosis of seasonal affective disorder (sad). the efficacy of bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets in the prevention of seasonal major depressive episodes was established in 3 placebo-controlled trials in adu

United States - English - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

major pharmaceuticals - venlafaxine hydrochloride (unii: 7d7rx5a8mo) (venlafaxine - unii:grz5rcb1qg) - venlafaxine hydrochloride extended-release capsules, usp are indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder (mdd). efficacy was established in three short-term (4, 8, and 12 weeks) and two long-term, maintenance trials. venlafaxine hydrochloride extended-release capsules, usp is indicated for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad). efficacy was established in two 8-week and two 26-week placebo-controlled trials. venlafaxine hydrochloride extended-release capsules, usp are indicated for the treatment of social anxiety disorder (sad), also known as social phobia. efficacy was established in four 12-week and one 26-week, placebo-controlled trials. venlafaxine hydrochloride extended-release capsules, usp are indicated for the treatment of panic disorder (pd), with or without agoraphobia. efficacy was established in two 12-week placebo-controlled trials. hypersensitivity to venlafaxine hydrochloride, desvenlafaxine succinate or to any excipients in the formulation the use of maois (intended

United States - English - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

major pharmaceuticals - divalproex sodium (unii: 644vl95ao6) (valproic acid - unii:614oi1z5wi) - valproic acid 250 mg - divalproex sodium extended-release tablet is a valproate and is indicated for the treatment of acute manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar disorder, with or without psychotic features. a manic episode is a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood. typical symptoms of mania include pressure of speech, motor hyperactivity, reduced need for sleep, flight of ideas, grandiosity, poor judgment, aggressiveness, and possible hostility. a mixed episode is characterized by the criteria for a manic episode in conjunction with those for a major depressive episode (depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities).   the efficacy of divalproex sodium extended-release tablets is based in part on studies of divalproex sodium delayed release tablets in this indication, and was confirmed in a 3-week trial with patients meeting dsm-iv tr criteria for bipolar i disorder, manic or mixed type, who were hospitalized for acute mania [see clinical studies(14

United States - English - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

major pharmaceuticals - zolpidem tartrate (unii: wy6w63843k) (zolpidem - unii:7k383oqi23) - zolpidem tartrate 5 mg - zolpidem tartrate tablets, usp are indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep initiation. zolpidem tartrate tablets, usp have been shown to decrease sleep latency for up to 35 days in controlled clinical studies [ see clinical studies (14)] . the clinical trials performed in support of efficacy were 4 to 5 weeks in duration with the final formal assessments of sleep latency performed at the end of treatment. zolpidem tartrate tablets are contraindicated in patients zolpidem tartrate tablets are contraindicated in patients risk summary neonates born to mothers using zolpidem late in the third trimester of pregnancy have been reported to experience symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation [see clinical considerations and data] . published data on the use of zolpidem during pregnancy have not reported a clear association with zolpidem and major bi

United States - English - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

major pharmaceuticals - aspirin (unii: r16co5y76e) (aspirin - unii:r16co5y76e) - aspirin 81 mg - pain reliever ■ temporarily relieves minor aches and pains ■ for other uses, see your doctor, but do not use for more than 10 days without consulting your doctor because serious side effects may occur